Tag Archives | Nostalgia

The Great Operating System Games

Since the dawn of computers, games have been an entertaining way to demonstrate a system’s capabilities. Manufacturers like DEC distributed them as early as the 1960s: They were as powerful sales tools with universal appeal. The tradition continued with some of the earliest PCs. Simple (but often addictive) games are bundled with operating systems to this day.

Here’s a look at notable games that have shipped with OSes through the ages–including ones written by a few of the most famous programmers of all time.

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228,571 Floppies is a Lot of Floppies

People–especially people who are online–like reading funny factoids that show the dizzying rate of technological progress over the years. So I wasn’t completely shocked that a tweet of mine–“An iPhone 4 has more onboard memory than all the Apple II computers in the world as of 1980 put together”–turned out to be one of the most-retweeted items on Twitter today.

For those curious how I did the math:

  • In 1981, Apple published its first annual report–available here–which said that “Nearly 180,000 Apple II systems were shipped in 1981, more than twice as many as last year, increasing the installed base of Apple II systems to well over 300,000.”
  • The “1981” Apple referred to was a fiscal year from October 1980 through September 1981, so the total number of Apple II systems sold as of December 31st, 1980 was some figure (appreciably) below 300,000.
  • Apple II systems had a minimum of 4KB of memory and a maximum of 48KB. Since we don’t know the breakdown, we can err on the side of caution by assuming they all had a roomy 48KB for the sake of this exercise.
  • One 16GB iPhone has as much storage as 333,333 48KB Apple IIs–16,000,000,000/48,000–or more than existed on the planet as of the end of 1980.
  • Yes, I know that the “16GB” in a 16GB iPhone refers to flash memory, and I’m comparing it against the Apple II’s 48KB of RAM. (The iPhone 4 also has RAM–512MB of it–which I didn’t bother to factor in.) Purists, feel free to squawk…

Similar factoid, also popular on Twitter: a 32GB thumb drive stores as much data as a stack of Apple II floppy disks as tall as the Golden Gate Bridge. (That’s 228,571 140KB floppies–750 feet of ’em–if you’re counting.)

I’ve been doing the math on new tech versus old tech for a simple reason: I was researching a story I’ve been writing for Discover Magazine‘s upcoming thirtieth anniversary issue. Fun!

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Amiga: 25 Years Later

Twenty-five years ago today, a new personal computer was unveiled at a black-tie, celebrity-studded gala at the Vivian Beaumont Theater in New York’s Lincoln Center. It debuted to rave reviews and great expectations–heck, InfoWorld said it might be the “third milestone” in personal computing after the Apple II and the IBM PC.

The computer was Commodore’s Amiga. In an era in which the most common form of microcomputer was an IBM PC-compatible system with a text-only display and a tinny internal speaker, the Amiga had dazzling color graphics and stereo sound. Its Intuition user interface looked like the Mac, but offered an advanced feature known as “multitasking.” The machine was a stunner, especially given that it came from a company previously known for rinkydink home computers such as the VIC-20 and Commodore 64.

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Seven Copies of Windows 7 Per Second: Fast! But How Fast?

Microsoft PR honcho Frank Shaw has a fun post up on the official Microsoft blog. It starts with Microsoft’s calculation that seven copies of Windows 7 have been sold every second since the OS was released, then quotes other bits of math relating to the company and its competitors. His point: Microsoft sells stuff and serves customers on a truly massive scale that few companies can match.

There’s something inescapably appealing about calculating how many copies of a popular product are sold per second, even though it suggests some sort of perfectly steady state of commerce that doesn’t exist. (For me, at least, it brings to mind a supermarket checkout stand with Superman–or possibly the Flash–scanning items at superheroic velocity and ringing them up on an old-timey cash register that actually goes “kaching!”) And the seven-copies-of-Windows-7-every-second factoid got me wondering how rapidly other popular products of the present and past have sold. So I did the math.

The figures below are profoundly inexact: They’re based on sales estimates which may be way off in some cases, and periods which are often vaguely defined. I rounded off the numbers,wasn’t obsessive enough to take leap years into account, and calculated some overall averages for lengthy durations. You may analyze the same available data and come to different conclusions, or decide that it’s pointless to make any calculations whatsoever. But I still think these guestimates provide an interesting frame of reference.

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A Brief History of TV in America in the Form of Old RCA Commercials

For no particular reason other than that it’s Friday, let’s take a guided tour of the evolution of TV in America from the late 1930s through the early 1970s–as shown in commercials and promotional films from RCA, which was once practically synonymous with consumer electronics in this country. You may take moving images, color screens, remote controls, and displays small enough to tote around for granted, but they were all startling breakthroughs in their day.

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A Brief History of the Videophone

In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell made a famous phone call to his associate, Mr. Watson. Almost immediately, it occurred to folks that Bell’s gizmo would be even cooler if it had pictures. And for 130 years, people have been fantasizing about videophones, building them, and generally expecting that they’d eventually become pervasive.

Last week, Steve Jobs made a highly-publicized call–using the iPhone 4’s FaceTime video calling feature–to his associate, Apple design honcho Jonathan Ive. Tech historian Benj Edwards took FaceTime’s debut as an excuse to look back at the long, checkered history of the videophone–there have been a lot of attempts to get consumers to buy into the concept. Here’s his slideshow exploration of the subject.

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132 Years of the Videophone: From Futuristic Fantasy to Flops to FaceTime

Last week, Apple’s announcement of the iPhone 4 with FaceTime video calling capabilities brought the videophone back to the forefront of the media’s attention.  Steve Jobs’ keynote made it sound like FaceTime will bring video phone calls to consumers for the first time. But the idea of a two-way communications device that transmits pictures as well as sound is as old as the phone itself.

Economic factors have kept it out of the average consumer’s reach until the last few decades,  and the public has repeatedly greeted the concept–in stand-alone form, at least–with apathy. Still, inventors and dreamers keep coming back to the notion that the videophone is the way of the future.

Let’s take a stroll through videophone history to find out where things went wrong–and right–and how we got to the iPhone 4 and its rivals.

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More Flat-Rate Data Nostalgia

Back in 1996, AT&T shook up the Internet access business by giving consumers all the data they could consume for one low price:

AT&T OFFERS CUSTOMERS ONE-YEAR FREE INTERNET TRIAL, FLAT MONTHLY RATE FOR UNLIMITED INTERNET ACCESS.

NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Feb. 27, 1996–AT&T today announced dial-up availability of AT&T WorldNetSM Service, with a special trial offer that gives AT&T residential customers unprecedented free access to the Internet for the next year, and a flat monthly rate of $19.95 for unlimited access by all AT&T customers.

The company began taking orders today for the service, which will be available March 14.

Under the trial offer, AT&T consumer long-distance customers who enroll in AT&T WorldNet Service in 1996 get their first five hours of Internet use a month free for a year, with no minimum subscription fee.

There are competitive rates for non-AT&T consumers as well. (See the attached AT&T WorldNet Service Price Sheet for a list of pricing plans, including access charges.)

“The company that brought everyone the phone now will bring the Internet to everyone,” said AT&T Chairman Robert E. Allen. “We believe the Internet will make communities more cohesive and businesses more competitive when it extends beyond the small percentage of people who use it today.”

AT&T will market the service to its 80 million residential customers and 10 million business customers as part of the company’s strategy to offer innovative packages of local, long-distance, wireless, online and entertainment services.

“Now every one of our consumer and business long-distance customers has an easy way to try the Internet,” said Tom Evslin, vice president of AT&T WorldNet Service. “AT&T WorldNet Service is the Internet the way you’d expect it from AT&T — safe, fun and easy to use. We’re so convinced that this is what our consumer customers have been waiting for that we’re happy to have them try it free for a year.”

AT&T business customers who find the Internet to be a critical piece of their marketing and customer service processes will appreciate AT&T’s flat monthly rate of $19.95. They will no longer have to count minutes or connection times whenever they want to check e-mail, get a stock quote or gather information from a customer’s, competitor’s, or supplier’s web site.

AT&T WorldNet Service has been available to connect businesses’ local area networks to the Internet since September. With the service announced today, customers will be able to dial into the Internet through regular phone lines easily and reliably, anywhere and anytime.

AT&T WorldNet Service includes world-class, 24-hour, toll-free hotline service staffed by experts to answer users’ questions. AT&T plans to manage the addition of subscribers and capacity to avoid overburdening the Internet, and to help ensure the reliability and quality of AT&T’s service and customer support.

The service also includes a whole new “front door to the Internet” — directories and topical areas to help people find useful information, guided tours for newcomers, navigational aids for users of all skill levels, and electronic mail. To help subscribers navigate the Internet, an AT&T-branded version of the Netscape Navigator browser software, from industry-leading Netscape Communications Corp., is available to subscribers at no extra charge.

With available software that can also be easily downloaded, parents will be able to block access to portions of the Internet they regard as unsuitable for their children.

As previously announced, AT&T WorldNet Service customers who charge the service to their AT&T Universal Card will not be held financially liable for fraudulent charges by unauthorized users if their account number is compromised while using the service to make purchases on the Internet.

“AT&T WorldNet Service can make the Internet as useful for communications as the telephone, and as indispensable for shopping as an 800 number,” Evslin said. “And our fraud protection and the available parental controls can make the Internet like a family’s local library, or the shop down the street.”

AT&T announced the availability of AT&T WorldNet Service at New York’s Brooklyn Diner to showcase the service’s friendly atmosphere and colorful “smorgasbord” of information.

The service can be accessed from home, the office or the road, and has something to offer subscribers whether they’re working or relaxing. The “AT HOME” section features sites focused on topics like leisure, education and family. The “AT WORK” portion points to business news sites, investment information and other topics of professional interest.

AT&T WorldNet Service also includes an Internet Exploration Station, a menu of theme areas such as art, music, games and gardening for family entertainment and education; a powerful search engine that allows even the most casual computer users to quickly and easily locate the information they want; and a directory that lets subscribers preview any of 80,000 World Wide Web sites before spending time to access sites.

Subscribers can dial into AT&T WorldNet Service with a personal computer and modem at speeds up to 28.8 kilobits per second, allowing them to download large stores of information, color photographs and graphics quickly.

For more information, customers may call 1-800-WORLDNET, or visit AT&T WorldNet Service’s home page at http://www.att.com/worldnet. -0-

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The IBM Muppet Show

IBM. The Muppets. Two venerable institutions-but not ones we tend to associate with each other. Yet in the late 1960s, before most people had ever seen a computer in person or could identify a Muppet on sight, the two teamed up when IBM contracted with Jim Henson for a series of short films designed to help its sales staff. Little known today, these remain fresh, funny, and surprisingly irreverent. Henson would return to their gags and situations in his famous later works–and he plucked the Cookie Monster from one of them when assembling the Muppet cast for Sesame Street in 1969.

Whose idea was this unique collaboration? Well, Henson had already established himself in the advertising field. He was best known at the time for the Muppets’ guest skits on variety shows and Rowlf the Dog’s appearances on The Jimmy Dean Show. But he was busier making a wide array of commercials and longer sales films for regional and national products from Esskay Meats to Marathon Gasoline.

For its own part, IBM was keenly aware that its products–including computers, electric typewriters, and very early word processors–had to be explained to both the public and IBM’s own employees. So it formed its own advertising group, including a film and television division. An executive named David Lazer headed this division, overseeing the production of training and sales films.

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A History of AOL, as Told in Its Own Old Press Releases

Twenty-five years ago today, a company named Quantum Computer Services rose from the ashes of a failed startup called Control Video Corporation. It launched a dial-up online service for the Commodore 64 which eventually spread to Macs and PCs–one that became a lot better known after it was renamed America Online in 1989.

At various times to various people, AOL went on to be a symbol of meteoric business success, epic failure, unusually user-friendly software, remarkably customer-hostile marketing tactics, cutting-edge communications, flaky connections, and both the future and past of technology. In short, we’ve had a remarkably complicated relationship with this company over the past quarter century.
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